![]() ![]() Study subjects are eligible for inclusion in CIREN if they are occupants of late model year passenger vehicles (less than 8 years old at the time of the crash) involved in frontal or side impact Motor Vehicle Crashes (MVCs). Ninety percent of all eligible subjects at our institution consented to inclusion in this study. The University of Michigan is one of ten such centers around the US. CIREN was established by the US Department of Transportation’s National Highway and Safety Administration (NHTSA). Subjects were recruited at the University of Michigan as part of the Crash Injury Research Engineering Network study. We further hypothesized that these differences might contribute to a lower threshold for injury tolerance in males compared to females. Based on our observation that there were gender differences in tolerance to hip injuries, particularly acetabular fractures, we hypothesized that gender differences existed in the physical interaction of the femoral head with the posterior wall of the acetabulum when the pelvis is placed in a seated orientation. ![]() While multiple studies have cataloged these differences, most of the measurements are not directly relevant to the issue of acetabular loading of a seated occupant in a frontal crash, in which the posterior wall of the acetabulum is the key reactive structure in the pelvis that must handle the crash forces being transmitted along the femur. The bony geometry of the pelvis is complex and it is known that gender differences exist. We also found that hip injuries were observed more often in males than females of similar stature. We earlier reported that hip injuries occurred in significant numbers to young, middle aged, and older occupants, but the percentage of CIREN occupants with hip injuries increases with age (Sochor). We have examined the real life crash data collected at the University of Michigan as part of the Crash Injury Research Engineering Network (CIREN) funded by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. In general, injuries to the hip, particularly the acetabulum, are clinically more severe and difficult to treat than injuries to the femur or the knee. Recent analysis of real life frontal crash data in the NASS database showed that approximately 30,000 occupants sustain AIS2+ injuries to the knee thigh hip (KTH) complex in frontal crashes and that approximately 47% of these are to the hip (Kuppa). The right panel shows a 3-dimensional CT reconstruction of the bony pelvis from a frontal crash occupant with a typical fracture to the posterior wall of the acetabulum. The left panel shows the direction of loading to the knee-thigh-hip complex during a frontal crash. ![]()
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